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            <h1 style="display: none">study-高中英语/各种从句语法提炼</h1>
            
              <p class="note note-info">
                
                  本文最后更新于：2 年前
                
              </p>
            
            <div class="markdown-body" id="post-body">
              <h2 id="0-x-前言"><a href="#0-x-前言" class="headerlink" title="[0.x]前言"></a>[0.x]前言</h2><p>发现自己<strong>En文</strong>太差了，这样打<em>Codeforces</em>依赖<em>Google</em>翻译也不是办法(所以姑且打算想些办法提高自己的<strong>En文</strong>水平(大概于是发现自己连<strong>从句的基础</strong>都不是很牢靠，就很绝望。<br>怎么办呢，干呗(悲</p>
<p>内容来源于<code>网络资料</code>、<code>学校笔记</code>、<code>自己理解</code><br>如果发现漏洞欢迎在评论区提出(虽然<del>可能过很久才看得到</del>但我<strong>看到了一定马上改</strong></p>
<p>参考文献：<strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://wenku.baidu.com/view/b7d9413aad51f01dc381f1a6.html">❶</a></strong>  <strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.gaosan.com/gaokao/229506.html">❷</a></strong>  <strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.360doc.com/content/18/0502/07/46601607_750387086.shtml">❸</a></strong> </p>
<a id="more"></a>
<hr>
<h2 id="目录"><a href="#目录" class="headerlink" title="目录"></a>目录</h2><ul>
<li><p>[0.x] 前言</p>
</li>
<li><p>[1.x] 名词性从句</p>
<ul>
<li>[1.1.x] 主语从句 / Subject Clause</li>
<li>[1.2.x] 宾语从句 / Object Clause</li>
<li>[1.3.x] 同位语从句 / Appositive Clause</li>
<li>[1.4.x] 表语从句 / Predicative Clause</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>[2.x] 定语从句 / Attributive Clause</p>
</li>
<li><p>[3.x] 状语从句 / Adverbial Clause</p>
<ul>
<li>[3.1.x] 时间状语从句</li>
<li>[3.2.x] 地点状语从句</li>
<li>[3.3.x] 原因状语从句</li>
<li>[3.4.x] 条件状语从句</li>
<li>[3.5.x] 让步状语从句</li>
<li>[3.6.x] 结果状语从句</li>
<li>[3.7.x] 目的状语从句</li>
<li>[3.8.x] 方式状语从句</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2 id="1-x-名词性从句"><a href="#1-x-名词性从句" class="headerlink" title="[1.x] 名词性从句"></a>[1.x] 名词性从句</h2><hr>
<h3 id="1-1-x-主语从句-Subject-Clause"><a href="#1-1-x-主语从句-Subject-Clause" class="headerlink" title="[1.1.x]主语从句 / Subject Clause"></a>[1.1.x]主语从句 / Subject Clause</h3><ul>
<li>主语从句在句中<strong>用作主语</strong></li>
<li>一般用于防止句子头重脚轻</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➀从属连词-that"><a href="#➀从属连词-that" class="headerlink" title="➀从属连词 that"></a>➀从属连词 <code>that</code></h4><ul>
<li>That 直接引导句子，用陈述句语序，一般以That 引导的从句作为整个句子的主语。</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><u>That they were in truth sisters</u> was clear from the facial resemblance between them.   </p>
<p>很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。</p>
<p><u>That he has won the prize</u> is known to us all.</p>
<p>他得奖(的事情)是为我们所有人所知的。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="➁whether-引导，含-“-是否-”-的含义，可以放在句首也可以放在句末-句末时需要用it作形式主语"><a href="#➁whether-引导，含-“-是否-”-的含义，可以放在句首也可以放在句末-句末时需要用it作形式主语" class="headerlink" title="➁whether 引导，含 “ 是否 ” 的含义，可以放在句首也可以放在句末(句末时需要用it作形式主语)"></a>➁whether 引导，含 “ 是否 ” 的含义，可以放在句首也可以放在句末(句末时需要用<code>it</code>作形式主语)</h4><ul>
<li><strong>whether 不可用 if 代替</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><u>Whether he’ll come here</u> is not clear.</p>
<p>他是否会来这里还不清楚。</p>
<p><u>It</u> remained a question <u>whether he had done the homeworks</u>.</p>
<p>他是否写了作业作为一个问题遗留下来</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="➂连接代词和连接副词引导"><a href="#➂连接代词和连接副词引导" class="headerlink" title="➂连接代词和连接副词引导"></a>➂连接代词和连接副词引导</h4><ul>
<li>连接代词：who   whom   whose   what(the things that)   which   whoever(anyone who)   whatever(anything that)   whichever(anyone of … that)</li>
<li>连接副词：where   when   how   why</li>
<li><p><code>whoever</code> &amp; <code>no matter who</code> 的区分 (同理whichever &amp; no matter which)</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code>whoever</code> 既可以引导<strong>主语从句</strong>，又可以引导<strong>状语从句</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><code>no matter who</code> 只能引导<strong>状语从句</strong></p>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>【主】<u><b>Whoever</b> breaks the law</u> shall be punished.</p>
<p>【状】<u><b>Whoever / No matter who</b> breaks the law</u> , he should be punished. </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➃It-为形式主语的that句式搭配套路"><a href="#➃It-为形式主语的that句式搭配套路" class="headerlink" title="➃It 为形式主语的that句式搭配套路"></a>➃<code>It</code> 为形式主语的<code>that</code>句式搭配套路</h4><ul>
<li><p>It + be + <code>adj.</code> + that从句 </p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>It’s important / strange / certain / obvious / natural / possible … that …</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>It + be + <code>done</code> + that从句</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>It’s believed / known to us / said / reported / announced … that …</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>It + be + <code>n./名词性词组</code> + that从句</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p> It’s no wonder / an honor / a good thing / a pity / a fact … that … </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>It + <code>vi.</code> + that从句</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>It seems / appears / happens / occurred to <code>sb.</code> … that …</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="1-2-x-宾语从句-Object-Clause"><a href="#1-2-x-宾语从句-Object-Clause" class="headerlink" title="[1.2.x] 宾语从句 / Object Clause"></a>[1.2.x] 宾语从句 / Object Clause</h3><ul>
<li><p>宾语从句在句中<strong>用作宾语</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p>一般跟在<strong>及物动词</strong>后或<strong>介词</strong>后</p>
<ul>
<li><p>有时介词可以省略</p>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I don’t care (for) who marries him.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Be careful (as to) how you do that.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➀从属连词-that-1"><a href="#➀从属连词-that-1" class="headerlink" title="➀从属连词 that"></a>➀从属连词 <code>that</code></h4><ul>
<li><p><code>that</code> 在句中直接充当宾语引导从句</p>
</li>
<li><p>Tips：<code>that</code>在引导宾语从句的情况下，<strong>除了</strong>以下情况都可以<strong>省略</strong><code>that</code></p>
<ul>
<li><p>整个句子中<strong>第二(…)个</strong>引导宾语从句的 <code>that</code> 不可省略</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I realize <b><u>(that)</u></b> he is the real man in charge and <u><b>that</b></u> everyone listens to his words. </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>在介词后引导宾语从句的 <code>that</code> 不可省略</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I know nothing about him <b>except <u>that</u></b> he is from the south.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p><code>that</code> 从句在句首时，不可省略</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>主句谓语动词与从句之间有<strong>插入语</strong>时，不可省略</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>We decided , <b>in view of his special circumstances(情况，形势) </b>,<b><u> that</u></b> we would admit him for a probationary(试用期) period.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➁if-whether-引导，有是否含义"><a href="#➁if-whether-引导，有是否含义" class="headerlink" title="➁if / whether 引导，有是否含义"></a>➁<code>if</code> / <code>whether</code> 引导，有是否含义</h4><ul>
<li><p><code>whether ... or not</code> 可以与 <code>if</code> 替换</p>
</li>
<li><p>用 <code>if</code> 引导会引起歧义的句子，应避免使用 <code>if</code> 而用 <code>whether</code> 。(当 <code>if</code> 的<em>“ 是否 ”</em>意义与<em>“ 如果 ”</em>冲突时)</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Please let me know if you want to go. </p>
<p>请告诉我你是否想去 ？ /  如果你想去请告诉我。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>I doubt if / whether he will succeed.</p>
<p>我对他是否能成功感到怀疑 </p>
<p>I don’t know if / whether you can help me.</p>
<p>我不知道你是否能帮我</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="➂连接代词和连接副词引导-1"><a href="#➂连接代词和连接副词引导-1" class="headerlink" title="➂连接代词和连接副词引导"></a>➂连接代词和连接副词引导</h4><ul>
<li><p>连接代词：who   whom   whose   what(the things that)   which   whoever(anyone who)   whatever(anything that)   whichever(anyone of … that)</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Who or  what he was , Martin never learned. </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I wonder what he’s writing to me about.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>连接副词：where   when   how   why</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➃Tips："><a href="#➃Tips：" class="headerlink" title="➃Tips："></a>➃Tips：</h4><ul>
<li><p>当句子的宾语成分之后还有宾语补足语时，则用 <code>it</code> 做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>We thought <u>it</u> strange <u>that Mr. Wang did not come yesterday</u>.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>当宾语从句做介词的宾语时，连词 <code>that</code> 很少引导介词的宾语从句(一般只用在 <code>except</code> <code>but</code> <code>in</code>后)。其他介词的宾语从句如果由连词 <code>that</code> 引导，则需要用 <code>it</code> 作形式宾语。</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>He is a good student except that he is careless.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>You may rely<b>on</b> <u><b>it</b></u> <b><u>that</u></b> I shall help you.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>介词宾语不可以用 <code>which</code> 来引导，要用 <code>what</code> 来引导</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Are you sorry for what you’ve done?</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>某一类形容词或过去分词后面常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有 <code>sure</code> <code>glad</code>  <code>certain</code>  <code>pleased</code>  <code>happy</code>  <code>afraid</code>  <code>surprised</code>  <code>satisfied</code>，连词 <code>that</code> 可以省略</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I’m afraid <u>(that)</u> you don’t understand what I said.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I’m surprised <u>(that)</u> I didn’t see all that before.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Mother was very pleased <u>(that)</u> her daughter had passed the exams.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>宾语从句中，在 <code>think</code>  <code>believe</code>   <code>suppose</code>   <code>expect</code>  等动词后的<strong>宾语从句中</strong>，尽管有时谓语需要表达<strong>否定含义</strong>，也不用否定形式，而是将<strong>主句动词</strong>改为否定形式。</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I <u>don’t think</u> you are right.</p>
<p>我认为<strong>你错</strong>了。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I <u>don’t believe</u> they have finished their work yet.</p>
<p>我相信他们还<strong>未完成</strong>他们的工作。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I <u>don’t suppose</u> he cares , does he?</p>
<p>我想<strong>他不在意</strong>，不是么？</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>时态变化关系</p>
<ul>
<li><p>主句未一般现在式，从句根据需要判断时态</p>
</li>
<li><p>主句未一般过去式，从句只能使用<strong>过去范围</strong>内的时态，<strong>除客观真理</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The teacher <u>said</u> that the earth <u>goes</u> round the sun.</p>
<p>老师说地球绕着太阳运行。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>在 <code>demand</code>   <code>order</code>   <code>suggest</code>    <code>decide</code>   <code>insist</code>   <code>desire</code>   <code>request</code>   <code>command</code>   <code>recommend</code>   <code>doubt</code> 等表示<em>要求、命令、建议、决定</em>等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用<code>(should) + 动词原形</code></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>She <u>insisted</u> <b>that</b> Tom <u>(should)</u> take the position.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Tom <u>suggested</u> that we <u>(should)</u> take precautions(措施，注意事项) against the disaster.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="1-3-x-同位语从句-Appositive-Clause"><a href="#1-3-x-同位语从句-Appositive-Clause" class="headerlink" title="[1.3.x] 同位语从句 / Appositive Clause"></a>[1.3.x] 同位语从句 / Appositive Clause</h3><ul>
<li><p>同位语从句在句子中充当<strong>同位语</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p>注意<strong>同位语从句</strong>和<strong>定语从句</strong>的<strong>区分</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>定从 -&gt; 修饰   |   同从 -&gt; 解释(从句部分和先行词<strong>可以划等号</strong>)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>关联词在同位语从句中<strong>不充当成分</strong>，仅起连接句子的作用，<strong><em>不可省略</em></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>关联词在定语从句中<strong>充当成分</strong>，作宾语时可省略</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>【同】The news <strong>that</strong> <u>Mr. Li will be our new English teacher</u> is true.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>【定】The news <strong>(that)</strong> <u>he told me</u> yesterday is true.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>常见先行词 <code>fact</code>   <code>news</code>   <code>idea</code>   <code>thought</code>   <code>question</code>   <code>question</code>   <code>reply</code>   <code>report</code>   <code>remark</code> </p>
</li>
<li><p>关联词常用 <code>that</code></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>They were all very much worried over the <b>fact</b> <u>that</u> you were sick.</p>
<p>对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Where did you get the <strong>idea</strong> <u>that</u> I could not come？</p>
<p>你在哪儿听说我不能来？</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Early in the day came the <strong>news</strong> <u>that</u> Germany had declared war on Russia.</p>
<p>德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>同位语从句偶尔由从属连词 <code>whether</code> 引导</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I have no <b>idea</b> <u>whether</u> he’ll come or not.</p>
<p>我不知道他是否来。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>连接代词 <code>who</code>   <code>which</code>   <code>what</code> 和连接副词  <code>where</code>   <code>when</code>   <code>why</code>   <code>how</code>  也可引导同位语从句</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>We haven’t yet settled the <b>question</b> <u>where</u> we are going to spend our summer vacation.</p>
<p>我们还没有决定暑假去哪里度假。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>It’s a question how he did it.</p>
<p>那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Tips：有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>Word</strong> came <u>that</u> thousands of people got seriously infected.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="1-4-x-表语从句-Predicative-Clause"><a href="#1-4-x-表语从句-Predicative-Clause" class="headerlink" title="[1.4.x] 表语从句 / Predicative Clause"></a>[1.4.x] 表语从句 / Predicative Clause</h3><ul>
<li>表语从句在句子中用作<strong>表语</strong></li>
<li>表语从句谓语主句中<strong>系动词</strong>(<code>be</code>  <code>look</code>  <code>remain</code>  <code>become</code>)之后</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➀从属连词-that-2"><a href="#➀从属连词-that-2" class="headerlink" title="➀从属连词  that"></a>➀从属连词  <code>that</code></h4><blockquote>
<p>The trouble <strong>is</strong> <u>that</u> I have lost his address.</p>
<p>麻烦的是我弄丢了他的地址。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="➁从属连词-whether-as-as-if-表语从句不能被-if-引导"><a href="#➁从属连词-whether-as-as-if-表语从句不能被-if-引导" class="headerlink" title="➁从属连词  whether   as   as if (表语从句不能被 if 引导)"></a>➁从属连词  <code>whether</code>   <code>as</code>   <code>as if</code> (表语从句不能被 <code>if</code> 引导)</h4><blockquote>
<p>His first question <strong>was</strong> <u>whether</u> she had arrived.</p>
<p>他的第一个问题是她是否到达。</p>
<p>He <strong>looked</strong> just <u>as</u> he had looked ten years before.</p>
<p>他看起来就和10年前一样。</p>
<p>All this was over twenty years ago , but it’<strong>s</strong> <u>as if</u> it was only yesterday . </p>
<p>这都是20多年请的事情了，但一切宛如昨天。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="➂连接代词和连接副词引导-2"><a href="#➂连接代词和连接副词引导-2" class="headerlink" title="➂连接代词和连接副词引导"></a>➂连接代词和连接副词引导</h4><ul>
<li><p>连接代词：who   whom   whose   what(the things that)   which   whoever(anyone who)   whatever(anything that)   whichever(anyone of … that)</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The problem <strong>is</strong> <u>who</u> we can get to replace her.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The question <strong>is</strong> <u>how</u> we did it.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>That <strong>was</strong> <u>what</u> she did this morning on reaching the attic(阁楼).</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>连接副词：where   when   how   why</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>That <strong>is</strong> <u>where</u> our problem lies.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➃连词-because-可引导表语从句"><a href="#➃连词-because-可引导表语从句" class="headerlink" title="➃连词 because 可引导表语从句"></a>➃连词 <code>because</code> 可引导表语从句</h4><blockquote>
<p>I think it’<strong>s</strong> <u>because</u> you are doing too much.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="➄在-demand-order-suggest-decide-insist-desire-request-command-recommend-doubt-等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，从句常用-should-动词原形-的虚拟语气"><a href="#➄在-demand-order-suggest-decide-insist-desire-request-command-recommend-doubt-等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，从句常用-should-动词原形-的虚拟语气" class="headerlink" title="➄在 demand   order   suggest    decide   insist   desire   request   command   recommend   doubt 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，从句常用(should) + 动词原形 的虚拟语气"></a>➄在 <code>demand</code>   <code>order</code>   <code>suggest</code>    <code>decide</code>   <code>insist</code>   <code>desire</code>   <code>request</code>   <code>command</code>   <code>recommend</code>   <code>doubt</code> 等表示<em>要求、命令、建议、决定</em>等意义的动词后，从句常用<code>(should) + 动词原形</code> 的虚拟语气</h4><blockquote>
<p>My suggestion <strong>is</strong> <u>that</u> we <strong>(should)</strong> start early tomorrow.</p>
<p>我的建议是我们明天一早就出发 </p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<h2 id="2-x-定语从句-Attributive-Clause"><a href="#2-x-定语从句-Attributive-Clause" class="headerlink" title="[2.x] 定语从句 / Attributive Clause"></a>[2.x] 定语从句 / Attributive Clause</h2><ul>
<li>定语从句在句子中用作<strong>定语</strong>(用来<em>限定</em>、<em>修饰</em><u>名词</u>或<u>代词</u>)</li>
<li>定语从句用于<em>修饰</em>主句<u>名词性</u>成分</li>
<li>定语从句由<strong>关系代词</strong>或<strong>关系副词</strong>引导，这些词被成为<strong><em>关系词</em></strong>，从句修饰的词叫<strong><em>先行词</em></strong><ul>
<li>关系代词：<code>that</code>   <code>which</code>   <code>who</code>   <code>whom</code>   <code>whose</code>   <code>as</code></li>
<li>关系副词：<code>when</code>   <code>where</code>   <code>why</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>关系词的作用<ul>
<li>A.引导定语从句</li>
<li>B.代替先行词</li>
<li>C.在定语从句中<strong>担任成分</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="关系代词引导的定语从句"><a href="#关系代词引导的定语从句" class="headerlink" title="#关系代词引导的定语从句"></a><code>#</code><strong>关系代词</strong>引导的定语从句</h3><h4 id="➀that"><a href="#➀that" class="headerlink" title="➀that"></a>➀<code>that</code></h4><ul>
<li><p><code>that</code> 既可以指<strong>人</strong>也可以指<strong>物</strong>，可以充当<strong>主语</strong>成分也可以充当<strong>宾语</strong>成分，当 <code>that</code> <strong>在从句中</strong>充当<strong>宾语</strong>成分时可以<strong>省略</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p>以下情况<strong>不可以使用</strong> <code>that</code></p>
<ul>
<li><p>非限制性定语从句中不可以使用 <code>that</code></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The sun , <u>which</u> is one of millions of stars in the universe , provides us with heat and light.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>介词 + 关系代词的结构不加 <code>that</code></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Fortunately we had a map <strong>without</strong> <u>which</u> we would have got lost.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>当先行词被 <code>those</code> 或 <code>that</code> 修饰时</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>That</strong> book <u>which</u> he borrowed yesterday is interesting.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>Those</strong> (people) <u>who</u> saved the children are heroes.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>当先行词为 <code>one</code>   <code>anyone</code> 等时，关系代词只能用 <code>who</code></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>Anyone</strong> <u>who</u> works here must be careful.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>以下情况<strong>必须用</strong> <code>that</code></p>
<ul>
<li><p>先行词是 <code>everthing</code>   <code>anything</code>   <code>something</code>   <code>nothing</code>   <code>all</code>   <code>little</code>   <code>much</code> 等<strong>不定代词(指物)</strong>时必须用 <code>that</code></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Do you have <strong>everything</strong> <u>(that)</u> you need?</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>There is not <strong>much</strong> <u>that</u> can be done.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>All</strong> <u>that</u> glitters is not gold.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>当先行词被形容词<strong>最高级</strong>或<strong>序数词</strong>修饰时必须用 <code>that</code></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>This is <strong>the</strong> <strong>best</strong> hotel <u>(that)</u> I know.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>This is <strong>the</strong> <strong>first</strong> <u>that</u> can be taken.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>当出现两个或者两个以上先行词，且既有人又有物的时候必须用 <code>that</code></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>They talked of <strong>things</strong> and <strong>persons</strong> <u>(that)</u> they both remembered.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>当先行词被 <code>the only</code>   <code>the very</code>   <code>the last</code> 等修饰时必须用 <code>that</code></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>This is <strong>the only thing</strong> <u>(that)</u> I can do.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>This is <strong>the very book</strong> <u>(that)</u> I am looking for.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>This is <strong>the last thing</strong> <u>(that)</u> I expected.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➁which"><a href="#➁which" class="headerlink" title="➁which"></a>➁<code>which</code></h4><ul>
<li><p><code>which</code> 指<strong>物</strong>，在定语从句中做<strong>主语</strong>或<strong>宾语</strong>，当 <code>which</code> 在从句中作<strong>宾语</strong>时可以<strong>省略</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The <strong>dress</strong> <u>(which / that)</u> <u>Ann bought</u>  fits her very much.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I don’t like stories <u>which / that</u> have unhappy endings.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➂who"><a href="#➂who" class="headerlink" title="➂who"></a>➂<code>who</code></h4><ul>
<li><p><code>who</code> 指<strong>人</strong>，在定语从句中作<strong>主语</strong>或<strong>宾语</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>大部分情况下</strong> <em>(详见[2.➀])</em>可以用 <code>that</code> 取代 <code>who</code></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>What is the name of the man <u>who / that</u> lent you the money?</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➃whom"><a href="#➃whom" class="headerlink" title="➃whom"></a>➃<code>whom</code></h4><ul>
<li><p><code>whom</code> 指<strong>人</strong>，在定语从句中作<strong>宾语</strong>，常常可以省略</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>大部分情况下</strong> <em>(详见[2.➀])</em>可以用 <code>that</code> 取代 <code>whom</code> </p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The man <u>(whom / who / that)</u> I want to see is away on holiday.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➄whose"><a href="#➄whose" class="headerlink" title="➄whose"></a>➄<code>whose</code></h4><ul>
<li><p><code>whose</code> 通常指<strong>人</strong>，也可指<strong>物</strong>。在定语<strong>从句中</strong>作<strong>定语</strong>，相当于 <code>...的</code>  ，表<strong>从属关系</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>A widow is a <strong>woman</strong> <u>whose</u> <em>husband</em> is dead.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I saw some <strong>people</strong> <u>whose</u> <em>cars</em> had broken down.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The <strong>house</strong> <u>whose</u> <em>windows</em> are broken is unoccupied.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➅as"><a href="#➅as" class="headerlink" title="➅as"></a>➅<code>as</code></h4><ul>
<li><p><code>as</code> 的用法和 <code>that</code>   <code>which</code>   <code>who</code>   <code>whom</code> 相同，但是<strong>只用于先行词前出现了 <code>such</code>   <code>so</code>   <code>the same</code> 的情况</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>He wished to be <strong>such</strong> a man <u>as</u> Lei Feng was.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>This is <strong>the same</strong> book <u>as</u> I read last week.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➆Tips"><a href="#➆Tips" class="headerlink" title="➆Tips"></a>➆Tips</h4><ul>
<li><p>当关系代词在定语从句中作<strong>介词的宾语</strong>时，<strong>常常</strong>将介词放到关系代词前</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The games <u>(which / that)</u> the young men competed <strong>in</strong> were difficult.</p>
<p>The games <u><strong>in which</strong></u> the young men competed were difficult.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The student <u>(whom / who / that)</u> you are asking <strong>about</strong> is over there.</p>
<p>The student <b><u>about whom</u></b> you are asking is over there.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>在 “ 介词 + 关系代词 ” 的结构中，介词的选用与定语从句<strong>所修饰的先行词的搭配</strong>有关，或者与定语从句中的<strong>谓语搭配</strong>有关</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The documents <u><strong>for</strong> which</u> they were <b><u>searching</u></b> have been recovered.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>This is the girl <u><strong>to</strong> whom</u> I <b><u>referred</u></b>.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The ladder <u><strong>on</strong> which</u> I was <u><b>standing</b></u> began to slip.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>对于一些固定搭配的短语，不宜将介词与动词分开</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="关系副词引导的定语从句"><a href="#关系副词引导的定语从句" class="headerlink" title="#关系副词引导的定语从句"></a><code>#</code>关系副词引导的定语从句</h3><ul>
<li>关系副词 <code>when</code>   <code>where</code>   <code>why</code> 在定语从句中作<strong>状语</strong></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➀when"><a href="#➀when" class="headerlink" title="➀when"></a>➀<code>when</code></h4><ul>
<li><p><code>when</code> 指时间，在定语从句中作<strong>时间状语</strong>，可以代替 <code>during which</code>   <code>in which</code>   <code>on which</code>等</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I will always remember the <strong>day</strong> <u>when / <strong>on</strong> which</u> I came to this school.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>What was the <strong>year</strong> <u>when / in which</u> Lincoln first became President of the USA？</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>There was a <strong>time</strong> <u>when</u> I hated to go to school.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➁where"><a href="#➁where" class="headerlink" title="➁where"></a>➁<code>where</code></h4><ul>
<li><p><code>where</code> 指地点，在定语从句中作<strong>地点状语</strong>，可以替代 <code>in which</code>   <code>at which</code>   <code>on which</code> 等</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>This is the <strong>hotel</strong> <u>where / in which / at which</u> we were staying at that time.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>where</code> 除了指代具体的地点，还可以指代抽象概念，常见如 <code>point</code>   <code>stage</code>    <code>case</code>   <code>position(处境)</code>   </p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Let’s think of a <strong>situation</strong> <u>where</u> this idiom(成语) can be used.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➂why"><a href="#➂why" class="headerlink" title="➂why"></a>➂<code>why</code></h4><ul>
<li><p><code>why</code> 指原因，在定语从句中作<strong>原因状语 </strong>，可以替代 <code>for which</code></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>These are the <strong>reason</strong> <u>why / for which</u> we do it.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The <strong>reason</strong> <u>why</u> we are late is that our bus didn’t come.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➃当先行词是-the-way-表方式时"><a href="#➃当先行词是-the-way-表方式时" class="headerlink" title="➃当先行词是 the way 表方式时"></a>➃当先行词是 <code>the way</code> 表方式时</h4><blockquote>
<p>I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.</p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<h3 id="非限制性定语从句"><a href="#非限制性定语从句" class="headerlink" title="#非限制性定语从句"></a><code>#</code>非限制性定语从句</h3><h4 id="➀区别"><a href="#➀区别" class="headerlink" title="➀区别"></a>➀区别</h4><ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Tom <strong>,</strong> who is handsome and smart <strong>,</strong> is our monitor. 『非限制性』</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The boy whose mother is a teacher now is studying here. 『限制性』</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➁先行词可以是整个主句"><a href="#➁先行词可以是整个主句" class="headerlink" title="➁先行词可以是整个主句"></a>➁先行词可以是整个主句</h4><ul>
<li><p>非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不仅可以指代先行词，也可以指代整个主句</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>Tom</strong> , <u>who</u> is handsome and smart , is out monitor.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>He is often late for school</strong> , <u>which</u> made his teacher angry.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>当从句修饰整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>He seems not to have grasped what I meant</strong> , <u>which</u> greatly <em>upset<strong>s</strong></em> me. </p>
<p>他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➂由-“-代词-数词-名词-形容词比较级-形容词最高级-of-which-whom-”引导的非限制性定语从句"><a href="#➂由-“-代词-数词-名词-形容词比较级-形容词最高级-of-which-whom-”引导的非限制性定语从句" class="headerlink" title="➂由 “ 代词 / 数词 / 名词 / 形容词比较级 / 形容词最高级 + of + which / whom ”引导的非限制性定语从句"></a>➂由 “ 代词 / 数词 / 名词 / 形容词比较级 / 形容词最高级 + <code>of</code> + <code>which</code> / <code>whom</code> ”引导的非限制性定语从句</h4><blockquote>
<p>China has hundreds of <strong>islands</strong> off its southeast coast , <strong>of <u>which</u> the largest is Taiwan </strong>.</p>
<p>China has  hundreds of <strong>islands</strong> off its southeast coast , <strong>the largest of <u>which</u> is Taiwan</strong> .</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="➃why-that-不能引导非限制性定语从句"><a href="#➃why-that-不能引导非限制性定语从句" class="headerlink" title="➃why   that 不能引导非限制性定语从句"></a>➃<code>why</code>   <code>that</code> 不能引导非限制性定语从句</h4><h4 id="➄as-which-都可以纸袋主句所表达的整个内容或部分内容，"><a href="#➄as-which-都可以纸袋主句所表达的整个内容或部分内容，" class="headerlink" title="➄as   which 都可以纸袋主句所表达的整个内容或部分内容，"></a>➄<code>as</code>   <code>which</code> 都可以纸袋主句所表达的<strong>整个</strong>内容或<strong>部分</strong>内容，</h4><ul>
<li><p>两者通常可以互换</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>He was a foreigner</strong> , <u>as / which</u> we guessed from his accent .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>但有些情况两者不可以互换</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code>as</code> 引导的从句可以在<strong>主句前</strong>、<strong>中间</strong>或<strong>之后</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><code>which</code> 引导的定语从句<strong>只</strong>位于<strong>主句之后</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>Cyprus</strong> , <u>as</u> you know , <strong>is an island in the Mediterranean</strong> .</p>
<p><u>As</u> was expected , <strong>he performed the task with success</strong> .</p>
<p><strong>He was late for school</strong> , <u>as / which</u> is often the case </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>因为 <code>as</code> 有 “ 正如…… ” 、 “ 就像…… ” 的意思，所以常用在以下的句式中</p>
<ul>
<li>as is said above</li>
<li>as is known to all</li>
<li>as we can see</li>
<li>as is often the case</li>
<li>as is reported in the newspaper </li>
<li>…</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="定语从句保持主谓一致"><a href="#定语从句保持主谓一致" class="headerlink" title="#定语从句保持主谓一致"></a><code>#</code>定语从句保持主谓一致</h3><ul>
<li><p>定语从句中的动词和<strong>人称</strong>和<strong>数</strong>的方面应该与它的<strong>先行词</strong>保持<strong>一致</strong>。</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>I</strong> , <u>who</u> <strong>am</strong> your best friend , will be on your side in the argument .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>Anyone</strong> <u>who</u> <strong>comes</strong> will be welcome .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>Those</strong> <u>who</u> <strong>want</strong> to go to the movie sign your names here pleasure.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2 id="3-x-状语从句-Adverbial-Clause"><a href="#3-x-状语从句-Adverbial-Clause" class="headerlink" title="[3.x] 状语从句 / Adverbial Clause"></a>[3.x] 状语从句 / Adverbial Clause</h2><ul>
<li>状语从句在句子中作<strong>状语</strong></li>
<li>状语从句句子中可<strong>修饰谓语(或其它动词)</strong>、<strong>形容词</strong>、<strong>副词</strong>或是<strong>整句</strong>，它可以用来表示<strong>时间</strong>、<strong>地点</strong>、<strong>原因</strong>、<strong>目的</strong>、<strong>结果</strong>、<strong>条件</strong>、<strong>方式</strong>、<strong>比较</strong>、<strong>让步</strong>等</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="3-1-x-时间状语从句"><a href="#3-1-x-时间状语从句" class="headerlink" title="[3.1.x] 时间状语从句"></a>[3.1.x] 时间状语从句</h3><h4 id="➀when-while-as-其在时间状语从句中的用法以及在其他状语从句中的用法"><a href="#➀when-while-as-其在时间状语从句中的用法以及在其他状语从句中的用法" class="headerlink" title="➀when   while   as(其在时间状语从句中的用法以及在其他状语从句中的用法)"></a>➀<code>when</code>   <code>while</code>   <code>as</code>(其在时间状语从句中的用法以及在其他状语从句中的用法)</h4><ul>
<li><p><code>when</code> 表示 “ <strong>当……</strong>” 时，可表示<strong>时间点</strong>或者<strong>时间段</strong>，即既能与<strong>短暂性</strong>动词连用，也可以与<strong>延续性</strong>动词连用</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>When</u> I returned home , …</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>When</u> I was living there , …</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>when</code> 表示 “ <strong>突然，就在那时</strong> ” 时，常用于以下三种句型</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><em>【正在做】</em>sb. <strong>was doing</strong> sth. , <u>when</u> …</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><em>【正要做】</em>sb. <strong>was about to do / was going to do</strong> <u>when</u> …</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><em>【刚做完】</em>sb. <strong>had just done</strong> sth. <u>when</u> …</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>while</code> 表示 “ <strong>当……</strong>” 时，只能表示<strong>时间段</strong>，即只能与<strong>延续性</strong>动词连用</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>While</u> I was living there …</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>while</code> 表示 “ <strong>而(表比较)</strong> ” 时</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>I like watching TV</strong> <u>while</u> <strong>Tom likes playing football</strong> .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>while</code> 表示 “ <strong>尽管</strong> ” 时，放在<strong>句首</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p> <u>While</u> I am willing to go , <strong>I would like it better if you went</strong> .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>as</code> 引导<strong>时间状语从句</strong>，意为 “ <strong>一边……一边…… /  随着</strong> ” </p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>He hurried home , looking behind <u>as</u> he went .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>As</u> times goes on , it’s getting colder and colder .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>as</code> 引导<strong>原因状语从句</strong>，意为 “ <strong>因为</strong> ”</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>As</u> it is raining , we’d better not go to the park .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>as</code> 引导<strong>方式状语从句</strong>，意为 “ <strong>就像…… / 按照……</strong> ”</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Do <u>as</u> you are told to , or you’ll be fired . </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>as</code> 引导<strong>让步状语从句</strong>，意为 “ <strong>尽管，虽然</strong> ” ，<strong>从句部分</strong>要<strong>倒装</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Child <u>as</u> he is , he knows a lot .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➁each-every-time-the-first-last-time-next-time-做连词"><a href="#➁each-every-time-the-first-last-time-next-time-做连词" class="headerlink" title="➁each/every time   the first/last time   next time 做连词"></a>➁<code>each/every time</code>   <code>the first/last time</code>   <code>next time</code> 做连词</h4><ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>Each / Every time</u> we celebrate the holiday , we change it a little . </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>The first time</u> I met Tom , I thought he was a trusty person .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="➂before"><a href="#➂before" class="headerlink" title="➂before"></a>➂<code>before</code></h4><ul>
<li><p>表示 “ <strong>在……之前</strong> ” </p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Look <u>before</u> you leap .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Take action <u>before</u> it is too late .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>表示 “ <strong>……(之后)才</strong> “</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>It was</strong> some time <u>before</u> I realized the truth .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><strong>It may be</strong> many years <u>before</u> the situation improves .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>Tips：<code>It</code> <code>is</code> + <code>时间段</code> + <code>since</code> …       -&gt;      自从……以来以及过了……时间了</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>It is just a week since I arrived here .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="3-2-x-地点状语从句"><a href="#3-2-x-地点状语从句" class="headerlink" title="[3.2.x] 地点状语从句"></a>[3.2.x] 地点状语从句</h3><ul>
<li><p>地点状语从句常用 <code>where</code>   <code>wherever</code> 等连词引导</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>Where</u> there is a will , there is a way .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>You are free to go <u>wherever</u> you like .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="3-3-x-原因状语从句"><a href="#3-3-x-原因状语从句" class="headerlink" title="[3.3.x] 原因状语从句"></a>[3.3.x] 原因状语从句</h3><ul>
<li><p>原因状语从句常用 <code>because</code>   <code>as</code>   <code>since</code>   <code>now that</code>   <code>in that</code> 引导</p>
</li>
<li><p>用 <code>because</code> 往往是为了强调从句</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Tom was absent today <u>because</u> he was ill .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>用 <code>as</code>   <code>since</code>   <code>now that</code> 时，往往原因比较明显或觉得对方知晓情况，意为 “ <strong>既然</strong> ”</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>Now that / Since</u> everybody is here , let’s begin our class .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>for</code> 引导原因状语从句，语气不如 <code>because</code> 强烈，<strong>不可以放在句首</strong>，多用于<strong>书面语</strong>，常用 <strong>“<code>，</code>”</strong> 隔开</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>It must have rained last night , <u>for</u> it is wet all over .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="3-4-x-条件状语从句"><a href="#3-4-x-条件状语从句" class="headerlink" title="[3.4.x] 条件状语从句"></a>[3.4.x] 条件状语从句</h3><ul>
<li><p><strong>条件状语从句</strong>常用 <code>if</code>   <code>unless / if...not</code>   <code>as long as / so long as</code>   <code>in case</code>   <code>suppose / supposing</code>   <code>provided / providing</code>   <code>assuming(假设)</code>   <code>on condition that</code> 等引导。</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>Suppose / Supposing</u> (that) they refuse us , who else can we turn to for help ?</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>I will lend you the book <u>on condition that</u> you return it on Monday .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Tips：状语从句中 <code>if</code> 不可以用 <code>whether</code> 代替</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="3-5-x-让步状语从句"><a href="#3-5-x-让步状语从句" class="headerlink" title="[3.5.x] 让步状语从句"></a>[3.5.x] 让步状语从句</h3><ul>
<li><p><strong>让步状语从句</strong>可以由 <code>although</code>   <code>though</code>   <code>as</code>   <code>even if / even though</code>   <code>whether...or</code>   <code>no matter whom / no matter when / no matter what</code>   <code>whatever</code>   <code>wherever</code>   <code>whoever</code>   <code>however</code>等引导。</p>
</li>
<li><p>Tips：<strong><code>as</code></strong> 引导的<strong>让步定语从句</strong>一般<strong>倒装</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>Although / Though</u> it rained heavily , they still went out .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Clever <u>as / though</u> he is , he doesn’t study well .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>Whoever / No matter who asks her for advice , she is always ready to help .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p><u>No matter how / However</u> difficult it is , he is sure to solve it .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="3-6-x-结果状语从句"><a href="#3-6-x-结果状语从句" class="headerlink" title="[3.6.x] 结果状语从句"></a>[3.6.x] 结果状语从句</h3><ul>
<li><p><strong>结果状语从句</strong>可以由 <code>so</code>   <code>so that</code>   <code>so...that</code>   <code>such...that</code> 引导</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The box is <u>so</u> heavy <u>that</u> nobody can move it .</p>
<p>It’s <u>such</u> a heavy box <u>that</u> nobody can move it .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Tips：注意与 <code>as</code> 引导的定语从句区别</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="3-7-x-目的状语从句"><a href="#3-7-x-目的状语从句" class="headerlink" title="[3.7.x] 目的状语从句"></a>[3.7.x] 目的状语从句</h3><ul>
<li><p><strong>目的状语从句</strong>可以由 <code>so that</code>   <code>in order that</code>   <code>for fear that</code>   <code>in case</code> 引导</p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
<p>They started early <u>so that / in order that</u> they might arrive in time .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>The boy hid himself behind the tree <u>in case / for fear that</u> his father should see him .</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="3-8-x-方式状语从句"><a href="#3-8-x-方式状语从句" class="headerlink" title="[3.8.x] 方式状语从句"></a>[3.8.x] 方式状语从句</h3><ul>
<li><p><strong>方式状语从句</strong>可以由 <code>as</code>   <code>as if</code>   <code>as though</code> 等引导。</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>as if</code>   <code>as though</code> 引导的从句一般用<strong>虚拟语气</strong>，但如果从句情况<strong>可以实现</strong>，也可以使用<strong>陈述语气</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><blockquote>
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